不同生育期卷丹百合的多酚积累特性及其抗氧化活性

为探究不同生育期卷丹百合各器官中多酚类物质的积累规律及其抗氧化能力，分别采用福林–肖卡法、NaNO2–AlCl3法、香草醛比色法、pH示差法测定不同生育期(现蕾期、花期、半枯期、全枯期)卷丹百合各器官(基生根、鳞茎、茎生根、茎秆、叶片、株芽、花）中总酚、总黄酮、总黄烷醇和花色苷的含量，运用DPPH法、铜离子还原法和金属螯合能力、抑制脂质过氧化活性，分析其多酚提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明：不同生育期卷丹百合各器官多酚类物质的含量及其抗氧化活性存在差异；卷丹百合植株在花期总酚含量最高，半枯期的次之，全枯期的最少；花期，花中总酚含量最高，达14.75 mg/g，叶片中的总酚含量次之，珠芽的最低，仅为3.12 mg/g；卷丹百合多酚提取液的抗氧化能力在花期最强，其次是半枯期；相关性分析表明，卷丹多酚类物质与抗氧化活性在各时期、各器官呈现出显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的相关性，相关系数为–1.00~1.00，其中，花期和半枯期卷丹多酚类物质与铜离子还原力基本呈显著或极显著正相关。     

球菊的抗氧化活性成分研究

通过醇提法提取新鲜球菊抗氧化性有效成分。以芦丁为参照品、硝酸铝为显色剂测定黄酮含量。通过测定三价铁离子的还原能力和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率检测黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,当固液比为1∶35时,用95%乙醇在50℃条件下浸提球菊4 h时,黄酮含量达到最高(7.61 mg/g);球菊醇提物对Fe~(3+)有较强的还原能力,并能够较好地清除DPPH自由基。本研究结果可为今后开发球菊抗氧化活性成分提供参考。     

虾青素对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长、体成分及抗氧化指标的影响

【目的】研究饲料不同虾青素添加水平对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长、体成分及抗氧化指标的影响。【方法】选取450尾初始体质量为(3.00±0.10) g/尾的大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)以及添加50,100,150,200 mg/kg虾青素的试验饲料,在控温养殖系统中进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验结束后,称量鱼体质量并计算生长指标,测定试鱼体成分及肝胰脏抗氧化指标。【结果】试验期间大鳞副泥鳅成活率为100%。大鳞副泥鳅的终末体质量、平均增重率和特定生长率在虾青素添加水平为50～200 mg/kg时显著高于对照组(P0.05),饲料效率和蛋白质效率在虾青素添加水平为100～200 mg/kg时显著高于对照组(P0.05);结合抛物线回归分析结果与方差分析结果可知,大鳞副泥鳅平均增重率最大时的最适虾青素添加水平为100～151.06 mg/kg,饲料效率最大时的虾青素添加水平为100～157.04 mg/kg。当虾青素添加水平为50～200 mg/kg时,大鳞副泥鳅全鱼蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。肝胰脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量在虾青素添加水平为50～200 mg/kg时均显著高于对照组(P0.05);当虾青素添加水平为50～200 mg/kg时,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下,综合生长、体成分及抗氧化指标,大鳞副泥鳅饲料中虾青素的最适添加水平为100～151.06 mg/kg。     

Effects of glycinin on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity in juvenile golden crucian carp,Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus

This study was designed to examine the effects of glycinin on growth, digestive ability, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and gene expression levels of golden crucian carp. Golden crucian carp were fed diets containing glycinin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet. Activities of protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet, whereas malondialdehyde in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet. Furthermore, the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in proximal intestine, mid intestine and distal intestine increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet, whereas the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. The relative expressions of IL‐10 in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas all were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. In conclusion, reductions in growth, immunity and antioxidant capacity, intestine inflammation with dysfunction of digestive system occurred in golden crucian carp that fed a diet containing glycinin at 30 g/kg or higher after 8 weeks.     

纹党和红芪加工废弃物活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

为了研究陇南道地中药材纹党和红芪加工废弃物中活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用，用低糖低脂饲料适应性喂养小鼠15 d，以剂量为500 mg·kg^-1颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖（D-galactose）溶液构建小鼠亚急性衰老模型。将建模成功的小鼠随机分为正常对照组、衰老模型组、纹党多糖（Codonopisis pilosula polysaccharides, CPP）、红芪多糖（Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharides ,CHP）剂量处理组和阳性（V_E170 mg·kg^-1）处理组。连续灌胃给药28 d，研究两种多糖对衰老小鼠体重及动物脏器指数、血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力变化以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化。经过测定，提取的纹党多糖和红芪多糖得率分别为16.52%和13.96%，纯度为 99.65%和99.38%，剂量在400 mg·kg^-1时纹党多糖对衰老小鼠治疗效果明显优于红芪多糖，其心脏和脾脏指数、血清中的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力均高于模型组，血清中的MDA含量均低于模型组，对衰老小鼠具有缓解体重下降的作用。结果表明，纹党多糖和红芪多糖均能提高衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用，且纹党多糖和红芪多糖联用后抗氧化和抗衰老能力最好。     

Effects of dissolved oxygen on the growth performance,haematological parameters,antioxidant responses and apoptosis of juvenile GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study investigated the effects of different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on the growth performance, antioxidant response and apoptosis of juvenile GIFT (genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). GIFT were fed with five DO levels (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/L) for 60 days, and the results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and crude protein and crude lipid contents of the fish muscle increased at 5 mg/L DO. The activities of the antioxidant and digestive enzymes were significantly up‐regulated with increasing DO levels. However, the haemoglobin content, number of red blood cells, malondialdehyde content, transaminase activities, glucose content and lactic acid levels decreased at higher DO levels. Furthermore, the cardiomyocyte apoptotic index was significantly decreased with increasing DO levels. Our results show that 5 mg/L DO improved growth performance, promoted antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced liver damage in GIFT.     

Dietary ginger administration attenuates oxidative stress and immunosuppression caused by oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In the present study, potential ameliorative effects of dietary ginger (GN) were investigated on antioxidant and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during oxytetracycline (OX) administration. As a 2 × 3 factorial design, the fish were orally treated with OX (a daily dose of 100 mg/kg) and GN (either 10 or 20 g/kg diet) for 10 days. Then, blood samples were taken from each treatment to monitor plasma lysozyme, complement (ACH50), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total immunoglobulin (Ig) and globulin levels. OX treatment significantly decreased SOD (30%), GPx, (10%) and lysozyme (23%) activities, and GSH (19%) levels; however, it increased GST (16%) activity and MDA (28%) levels. Ten grams GN per kg levels significantly decreased SOD (35%), CAT (13%), GST (20%) and MDA (30%), but increased GSH (30%), lysozyme (48%) and globulin (16%). Twenty grams GN per kg diet significantly decreased SOD (26%) and MDA (17%), but increased lysozyme (31%) levels. Interaction effects of dietary GN and OX were observed on plasma MDA and GPx levels, as 10 g GN per kg diet prevented the OTC‐induced changes in these parameters. Moreover, 20 g GN per kg diet prevented the OX‐induced change in GPx activity and mitigated the MDA elevation by 20%. It is concluded that GN administration at 10 g/kg diet is beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress and immunosuppression of rainbow trout during OX administration.     

植物寄生线虫效应蛋白调控寄主防卫反应分子机制研究进展

 在植物寄生线虫与寄主互作过程中,线虫分泌器官如食道腺细胞分泌的效应蛋白在寄主细胞壁修饰和调控寄主免疫反应以及取食位点形成和维护中发挥着关键作用。解析植物寄生线虫关键效应蛋白的功能及其与寄主互作机制将为探索植物寄生线虫防控新策略提供重要的理论基础。本文从效应蛋白降解寄主细胞壁、调控寄主基础免疫反应、诱导免疫反应机制和介导翻译后修饰调控寄主免疫反应以及植物激素代谢途径的调控机制等方面进行了概述。     

外源NO及反向调控PEG胁迫下苜蓿萌发种子抗氧化酶及其同工酶动态的研究

以紫花苜蓿为材料,用一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)及一氧化氮清除剂c-PTIO对苜蓿种子进行浸种处理,采用分光光度法和同工酶电泳技术来研究外源NO及反向调控对PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶的影响,并探讨NO调控苜蓿种子耐旱性的生理机制。结果表明:PEG胁迫下外施0.1 mmol·L^-1 SNP,第6天时较PEG处理POD活性降低了32.72%;第4天时SOD、CAT活性较PEG处理升高了10.48%、23.60%,有效缓解了PEG对紫花苜蓿萌发中种子的氧化损伤,提高其抗氧化能力。PEG胁迫下添加 c-PTIO抑制了苜蓿萌发期的抗氧化系统活性。从同工酶的谱带数量和强弱来看,POD同工酶各区带活力均随PEG胁迫时间的延长而增加,在第2天酶带只有1条,而第4天酶带呈现9条;SOD和CAT同工酶表达量变化不显著,但酶带强弱有一定变化,S3酶带随处理时间的延长表达量逐渐减弱;CAT同工酶谱带则一直保持2条带,无明显强弱变化。因此,外源NO在PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿萌发中抗氧化酶快速响应并在维护氧自由基代谢平衡中起重要保护作用。     

茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生理生化的化感效应

为研究茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长与生理生化的化感效应,以模拟自然条件下雨雾淋溶方式,采用不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液(CK:0 mg·mL^-1、T1:6.25 mg·mL^-1、T2:12.5 mg·mL^-1、T3:25 mg·mL^-1 和T4:50 mg·mL^-1)处理菘蓝,测定其生长、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达量、细胞膜损伤率以及丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、渗透调节物质和次生代谢物含量的变化。结果表明,茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应,与CK相比,T1对菘蓝生长具有一定的促进作用,而浸提液浓度超过菘蓝的耐受阈值时,会对其生长产生不利的影响。随着浸提液浓度的升高,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脯氨酸含量则持续增加。与CK相比,T1的MDA含量、细胞膜损伤率和H₂O含量差异不显著,而T3、T4则显著升高。茶树凋落叶浸提液对抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达有不同的影响,T1的过氧化物酶(POD)与抗坏血酸氧化物酶(APX)活性最高,T2的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,而T3、T4的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著低于CK。T1的Pod、Cat、Apx基因表达量最高,而T4则抑制了抗氧化酶基因的表达。此外,POD活性与其基因表达量呈显著正相关,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT和APX活性与其基因表达量的相关性不显著。不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液对于菘蓝次生代谢物质积累的影响存在显著差异,低浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长、靛蓝和靛玉红含量积累有促进作用,而高浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对总黄酮含量积累有一定的促进作用。本研究结果可为幼龄茶园中茶树-菘蓝复合种植提供理论参考。